In an age where a profuse amount of scientific data is unveiled on a daily basis, it is rare to suggest the existence of a newly discovered body system. A novel circulatory system was first described by Bong-Han Kim in the early 1960s.1 However, it was not scientifically authenticated until 2002. Advanced evaluation methods, such as histopathologic staining techniques, confirmed the existence of this system, renamed the primo vascular system (PVS), in multiple anatomical structures in humans and animals.2

The current article reviews the literature on the PVS through 2013. The presence of the PVS, if confirmed by ongoing research findings, suggests possible implications that may fundamentally reshape our vision of anatomy, physiology, and medicine, consequently affecting the practice of osteopathic manipulative medicine and manual therapy.